Docker 基础入门

docker system prune -f # 批量清理停止的容器
docker image prune -a # 清理所有镜像

PS C:\Users\colyerdeng> docker container run -d -p 80:80 nginx
1334e0cd0e9e26d941f2d4647e9c03134fe3a6dfba248347f8db4de3419ae3aa
 
PS C:\Users\colyerdeng> docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                NAMES
1334e0cd0e9e   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   10 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   sweet_vaughan
PS C:\Users\colyerdeng> docker container stop 133
133
PS C:\Users\colyerdeng>

docker container run -d --publish 80:80 --name webhost nginx

docker container run --rm -it ubuntu echo "hello docker" 

docker image build -t demo:0.1.0 . # 这里的 . 指定的是当前目录

FROM gcc:9.4 AS builder # 起了一个别名 这个镜像 1.14G
 
COPY hello.c /src/hello.c
 
WORKDIR /src
 
RUN gcc --static -o hello hello.c
# 上面的第一阶段只负责build
 
 
FROM alpine:3.13.5
 
COPY --from=builder /src/hello /src/hello # 这里引用了第一阶段的产物
 
ENTRYPOINT [ "/src/hello" ]
 
CMD []

$ docker rm -f $(docker container ps -aq)
$ docker system prune -f
$ docker volume prune -f

PS C:\Users\colyerdeng> docker login
 
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: shawndengdocker
Password:
Login Succeeded
 
Logging in with your password grants your terminal complete access to your account.
For better security, log in with a limited-privilege personal access token. Learn more at https://docs.docker.com/go/access-tokens/
 
PS C:\Users\colyerdeng> docker image push [image name]

# index.html
<h1>Hello Docker</h1>
 
# docker file
FROM nginx:1.21.0-alpine
 
ADD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
 
# cmd
docker image build -t mynginx:0.1.0 . # 构建镜像
 

# cmd:
$ apt-get update
$ apt-get install wget
$ wget https://github.com/ipinfo/cli/releases/download/ipinfo-2.0.1/ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz
$ tar zxf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz
$ mv ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/ipinfo
$ rm -rf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz

# docker file
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y wget
RUN wget https://github.com/ipinfo/cli/releases/download/ipinfo-2.0.1/ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz
RUN tar zxf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz
RUN mv ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/ipinfo
RUN rm -rf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz

# 改进版本的docker file 
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget && \
    wget https://github.com/ipinfo/cli/releases/download/ipinfo-2.0.1/ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    mv ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/ipinfo && \
    rm -rf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz

# COPY Example
FROM python:3.9.5-alpine3.13
COPY hello.py /app/hello.py # 比如把本地的 hello.py 复制到 /app 目录下。 /app这个folder不存在，则会自动创建
 
# ADD Example
FROM python:3.9.5-alpine3.13
ADD hello.tar.gz /app/

FROM python:3.9.5-alpine3.13
WORKDIR /app # 切换工作目录，当目录不存在的时候会自动创建
COPY hello.py /app/hello.py 

FROM ubuntu:20.04
ARG VERSION=2.0.1
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget && \
    wget https://github.com/ipinfo/cli/releases/download/ipinfo-${VERSION}/ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    mv ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/ipinfo && \
    rm -rf ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz

FROM ubuntu:20.04
ENV VERSION=2.0.1
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget && \
    wget https://github.com/ipinfo/cli/releases/download/ipinfo-${VERSION}/ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    mv ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/ipinfo && \
    rm -rf ipinfo_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz

FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget && \
    wget https://github.com/ipinfo/cli/releases/download/ipinfo-2.0.1/ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz && \
    mv ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64 /usr/bin/ipinfo && \
    rm -rf ipinfo_2.0.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz
CMD ["ipinfo"] # 这里执行了 ipinfo

# docker file 1 demo-cmd
FROM ubuntu:20.04
CMD ["echo", "hello docker"] # 这个可以被覆盖
 
# echo
$ docker container run -it --rm demo-cmd
hello docker
$ docker container run -it --rm demo-cmd echo "hello world"
hello world
 
 
# docker file 2 demo-entrypoint
FROM ubuntu:20.04
ENTRYPOINT ["echo", "hello docker"] # 这个是必定会被执行
 
# echo
$ docker container run -it --rm demo-entrypoint
hello docker
$ docker container run -it --rm demo-entrypoint echo "hello world"
hello docker echo hello world
 

from flask import Flask
 
app = Flask(__name__)
 
 
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello, World!'

FROM python:3.9.5-slim
 
COPY app.py /src/app.py
 
RUN pip install flask
 
WORKDIR /src
ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
 
EXPOSE 5000
 
CMD ["flask", "run", "-h", "0.0.0.0"]

FROM alpine:latest
RUN apk update
RUN apk --no-cache add curl
ENV SUPERCRONIC_URL=https://github.com/aptible/supercronic/releases/download/v0.1.12/supercronic-linux-amd64 \
    SUPERCRONIC=supercronic-linux-amd64 \
    SUPERCRONIC_SHA1SUM=048b95b48b708983effb2e5c935a1ef8483d9e3e
RUN curl -fsSLO "$SUPERCRONIC_URL" \
    && echo "${SUPERCRONIC_SHA1SUM}  ${SUPERCRONIC}" | sha1sum -c - \
    && chmod +x "$SUPERCRONIC" \
    && mv "$SUPERCRONIC" "/usr/local/bin/${SUPERCRONIC}" \
    && ln -s "/usr/local/bin/${SUPERCRONIC}" /usr/local/bin/supercronic
COPY my-cron /app/my-cron
 
VOLUME [ "/app/" ]
 
# RUN cron job
CMD ["/usr/local/bin/supercronic", "/app/my-cron"]

docker container run -d -v cron-data:/app my-cron # 这里指定了映射关系

version: "3.8"
 
services: # 容器
  servicename: # 服务名字，这个名字也是内部 bridge网络可以使用的 DNS name
  	container_name: # 手动指定创建的container的名字 不建议用
    image: # 镜像的名字
    command: # 可选，如果设置，则会覆盖默认镜像里的 CMD命令
    environment: # 可选，相当于 docker run里的 --env
    volumes: # 可选，相当于docker run里的 -v
    networks: # 可选，相当于 docker run里的 --network
    ports: # 可选，相当于 docker run里的 -p
  servicename2:
 
volumes: # 可选，相当于 docker volume create
 
networks: # 可选，相当于 docker network create

version: "3.8"
 
services:
  flask-demo:
    image: flask-demo:latest
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis-server
    networks:
      - demo-network
    ports:
      - 8080:5000
 
  redis-server:
    image: redis:latest
    networks:
     - demo-network
 
networks:
  demo-network:

version: "3.8"
 
services:
  flask-demo:
    image: flask-demo:latest
    build: # docker file 所在文件夹路径， 构建的时候会自动以image 的信息命名,build 有很多参数
		   # https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/build/
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis-server
    networks:
      - demo-network
    ports:
      - 8080:5000
 
  redis-server:
    image: redis:latest
    networks:
     - demo-network
 
networks:
  demo-network:

docker-compose build

version: "3.8"
 
services:
  flask:
    build:
      context: ./flask
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    image: flask-demo:latest
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis-server
 
  redis-server:
    image: redis:latest
 
  client:
    image: xiaopeng163/net-box:latest
    command: sh -c "while true; do sleep 3600; done;"
 

docker-compose up -d --build --scale flask=3 # 构建并将 flask 这个servies 增加至 3 个，访问的时候相当于做了一个负载均衡
 
$ docker-compose ps
                Name                              Command               State    Ports
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
compose-scale-example_client_1         sh -c while true; do sleep ...   Up
compose-scale-example_flask_1          flask run -h 0.0.0.0             Up      5000/tcp
compose-scale-example_flask_2          flask run -h 0.0.0.0             Up      5000/tcp
compose-scale-example_flask_3          flask run -h 0.0.0.0             Up      5000/tcp
compose-scale-example_redis-server_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up      6379/tcp

version: "3.8"
 
services:
  flask:
    build:
      context: ./flask
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    image: flask-demo:latest
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis-server
      - REDIS_PASS=${REDIS_PASSWORD} # 这里的是表明使用 外部的 .env 文件中的值
    networks:
      - backend
      - frontend
 
  redis-server:
    image: redis:latest
    command: redis-server --requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD}
    networks:
      - backend
 
  nginx:
    image: nginx:stable-alpine
    ports:
      - 8000:80
    depends_on:
      - flask
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro
      - ./var/log/nginx:/var/log/nginx
    networks:
      - frontend
 
networks:
  backend:
  frontend:
 

FROM python:3.9.5-slim
 
RUN pip install flask redis && \
    apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y curl && \
    groupadd -r flask && useradd -r -g flask flask && \
    mkdir /src && \
    chown -R flask:flask /src
 
USER flask
 
COPY app.py /src/app.py
 
WORKDIR /src
 
ENV FLASK_APP=app.py REDIS_HOST=redis
 
EXPOSE 5000
 
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s \
    CMD curl -f http://localhost:5000/ || exit 1
    # 每隔30s 检查一下 这个网址是否能请求成功
 
CMD ["flask", "run", "-h", "0.0.0.0"]

version: "3.8"
 
services:
  flask:
    build:
      context: ./flask
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    image: flask-demo:latest
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOST=redis-server
      - REDIS_PASS=${REDIS_PASSWORD}
    healthcheck:	# 健康检查的条件
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:5000"] # 请求这个对应的网站是否能成功
      interval: 30s	# 每三十秒 检查一次
      timeout: 3s # 请求过程的超时是 3s
      retries: 3  # 时候健康检查是 3 次
      start_period: 40s
    depends_on:
      - redis-server
    networks:
      - backend
      - frontend
 
  redis-server:
    image: redis:latest
    command: redis-server --requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD}
    networks:
      - backend
 
  nginx:
    image: nginx:stable-alpine
    ports:
      - 8000:80
    depends_on: # 启动顺序
      flask: # 依赖flask 启动完成 这个容器才会启动
        condition: service_healthy # 启动条件，当只有flask 启动检查通过的时候，这个容器才能启动
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro
      - ./var/log/nginx:/var/log/nginx
    networks:
      - frontend
 
networks:
  backend:
  frontend:
 

# 查看 swarm 是否激活
docker info
 
Client:
 ...
 
Server:
 ...
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive # 这里表示没有激活
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
 ...

docker swarm init # 激活 swarm